Pattern reproducing machine



1933- T. A. KESTELL ET AL 1,933,672

PATTERN REPRODUC I NG MACHI NE Filedoct. 2, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 ((lllllllllllll) T. A. KESTELL El AL PATTERN REPRODUCING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1931 5.Sheets-Sheet 2 \Q\ 1 5 um c W g o Q A. m: \\N\ NM Km MN hm 0Q MN 9 MK.

N 1933- T. A. KESTELL El AL 1,933,672

PATTERN REPRODUCING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 2 w h@ 12 k 3n T M T5 QEGL WEO ohm 9mm U E 1933- T. A. KESTELL El AL 1,933,672

PATTERN REPRODUC ING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 am i 1933- T. A. KESTELL El AL PATTERN REPRODUCING MACHINE Filed Oct. 2, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 7, 1 933 PATTERN nEraonUomG MACHINE- Thomas Aubrey. Kestell and Shirley Burton, Leicester, England, assignors to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Paterson, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application October 2, 1931, Serial No. 566,494,

and in Great Brita 12 Claims.

This invention relates to pattern reproducing machines, that is, machines for reproducing a model in a work piece, and is illustrated herein as embodied in a pattern grading machine of 5 the two-dimensional kind for producing shoe upper patterns frorna model.

Machines of the type shown comprise four primary instrunientalities, namely, a model holder, a work holder, a model guide or follower,

and a cutting tool, interconnected by two pantographic mechanisms operating to magnify or reduce the length and width of the model relatively to length and width grading axes independently, in the work piece. 7

Pattern grading machines are used in the boot and shoe industry for reproducing from a fiat model or template of a part of a boot or shoe upper, one or more patterns which are used sub sequently in cutting out the part from leather or other suitable material. A pattern generated by such a machine will in general, if it is not of the same size as the model, be a general pantographic enlargement or diminution of the model relatively to the grading axes, the magnification factors relatively to the two axes being independent. It is often desired to grade certain parts (e. g. projections such as bars or straps) of a pattern from a model in difierent proportions along their own lengths and widths respectively, while preserving their angular relations to adjacent parts of the pattern, but sometimes these parts in the model occupy angular positions relatively to the remainder of the model which make it diflicult, if not impossible, to grade the length and width of the part in difierent proportions and yet allow the graded part to occupy precisely the same angular position relatively to the pattern as the corresponding part occupies relatively to the model, since magnification relatively to two grading axes, independently, will not, in general, preserve angular relations unchanged.

Again it is sometimes desired to grade a pattern from a model having an ornamental cutout portion in such manner as to cause a chosen part of the corresponding cut-out portion on the work to grade into position, along a certain direction, relatively to an edge of the work but yet to grade the cut-out portion itself in such manner as to cause its dimension in the work along the said direction to be equal to that of the cutout portion in the model along the corresponding direction. Such a method of grading part of the model at a 1:1 ratio, called center grading, often presents difficulties particularly when the in October 3, 1930 model has a number of cut-out portions distrib-" uted over its area.

A general object of the present invention is to provide in a pattern grading machine improved means which are capable of dealing with difll culties or" the kind above indicated.

Conveniently in a grading machine of the two- 7 pantograph type whereinrelative motion is adapted to take place between the model and a member for contacting with the edge of the model (e. g. a model guide) in directions mutually perpendicular to each other and in the plane of the model to cause grading to take place, there maybe provided, according to one aspect of the present invention, a model carrier with provision for angular adjustment between the model andthe grading axes of the machine whereby the model can be angularly adjusted to cause the median line of a projecting part of be provided, according to another aspect of the" present invention, novel means whereby, at any time during a grading operation, the pantograph mechanism of the machine may be quickly and easily rendered inoperative so far as grading eiiect is concerned without causing relative movement to take place between the model guide and pattern tracing tool due to the said adjustment of the pantograph mechanism. The machine will then grade at a 1:1 ratio irrespective of the actual settings of the grading mechanism.

Theseand other features of the invention comprising certain combinations and arrangements of parts will be apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the inventlon shown in the drawings, in which Fig. l is a front elevation;

Fig. 2 is'a plan; 1 Fig. 3 is a simplified diagram illustrating the actionand construction of the machine;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged front elevation of the model and work carrier;

Fig. 5 is a plan of the nechanis Fig. 4; v

Fig. 6 is an enlarged plan of parts of the model holder and grading mechanism; Figs. 7 and Bare details of the grading m anismrand Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the grade restriction.

m shown in ech- The mechanism shown is generally similar to that shown in the application of Thomas A. Kestell, Serial No. 4 1,104, filed April 2, 1930, and in the British Patent No. 335,200, April 19, 1929, which corresponds thereto, to which reference may be made for fuller description of some details than is necessary to the understanding of the present invention.

This particular illustrative embodiment has a main frame comprising a vertical column or standard 1 at the upper end of which is a horizontal goose-neck arm 3 which extends toward the left of the machine as seen in Fig. 1 and overlies a second arm 5 mounted on the column 1, and situated directly beneath the arm 3 and. parallel with it. A vertical reciprocable punch '7 is mounted in fixed bearings in the left-hand free end of the goose-neck arm 3 and cooperates with a fixed die-block 9 situated in the left-hand free end of the second arm 5 to punch out a pattern as hereinafter described. The punch '7 is operated by eccentric mechanism at the left-hand end of a horizontal shaft 11 mounted in the goose-neck arm 3 and provided at its right-hand end with fast and loose pulleys (as shown) whereby the shaft may be driven, for example, from an electric motor. A treadle (not shown) is provided whereby the punch, though still reciprocating, can be raised out of operation when desired. The cooperating punch 7 and die-block 9 constitute, as aforesaid, the pattern cutting instrumentalities and it will be appreciated from the above description that the actual station at which the cutting of the pattern occurs is fixed relatively to the frame of the machine.

A horizontally movable model-guiding device generally designated by the reference number 13 (Fig. 1) is mounted to move along and across the upper side of the goose-neck arm3 (as hereinafter described) and this model-guiding device comprises, in the illustrative embodiment, an upstanding pin 15 hereinafter termed the guide-pin.

A bracket 17 secured to the machine column below the horizontal arms 3 and 5 extends horizontally from the column parallel to the'arms, the arms and the bracket lying in the same vertical plane. Rectilinear guideways 19 are formed in the upper face of this bracket parallel with the goose-neck arm and a carriage 21 is mounted to slide on rollers 22 along these guideways toward and away from the guide-pin 15. The carriage 21 itself extends for a considerable distance on either side of the guideways 19 (as shown in Fig. 2) and is provided on its upper face with horizontal guideways 23 which extend at right angles to the guideways 19, i. e., perpendicular to the gooseneck arm 3. A combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier 25 is mounted on a carrier 350 which is free to moveon rollers 27 shown in Figs. 1 and 4, at right angles to the goose-neck arm 3 along the guideways 23 in the carriage 21. Rollers (not shown) are provided respectively on the carriage 21 and the carrier 350 to eliminate side-play between these members and their guideways by bearing against the opposite sides of the guideways. The carriage 25 has a pairof clamping jaws 33 (arranged vertically. one above the other in the lower part thereof and in that end nearer to the goose-neck arm) which are adapted to clamp, in a horizontal position, a sheet of pattern board 35 (Fig. 4) from which the pattern is to be cut. The clamping jaws 33 are adapted to be closed to grip the pattern board by means of a manually rotatable cam lever 37 and are 1 adapted to be opened when allowed to do so by a gooseneck arm 3.

spring (not shown). Each of the clamping jaws 33 is carried in a horizontal position at the end of a horizontally slidable tube 39 which is mounted in bearings in the carrier 25. The two tubes 39 are arranged one above the other in the carrier and are adjustable in their bearings horizontally toward and away from the punch 7 relatively to the carrier 25 so that the clamping jaws 33 may, when a small sheet of pattern board is being used in the machine, be moved toward the punch '7 before clamping the pattern board in order to support the pattern board for the cutting operation as near to the cutting point as possible. The two tubes 39 are connected so as to be moved together the same distance at the same time by means of a vertical pin 41 passing through the two tubes behind the bearings in the frame as shown in Fig. 1. The position of the clamping jaws 33 toward or away from the punch is determined by a manual adjustment of the tubes along their bearings in the carrier and a' clamping screw 43 is provided which may be tightened to hold the tubes securely in adjusted position. The model holder of the combined model and pattern-board carrier comprises a flat skeleton frame 4'7 which, during the operation of the machine, occupies a horizontal position slightly higher than the top of the guide-pin 15, as seen in Fig. 1. The model or template itself comprises a flat plate 49 (shown in Figs. 1 and 6) and this plate is removably secured to the under side of the skeleton frame 4'? by bolts 51 passing through holes in the plate 49 and the plate 49 is spaced away from the frame by distance pieces or collars so that every part of the edge of the model 49 may be brought into contact with the guide-pin 15 without the upper end of the guide-pin fouling the skeleton frame 47. The skeleton frame is hinged at the lefthand end on a horizontal pivot 53 to the top of the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 and the frame can be swung upwardly about the said pivot if it is desired to remove the model 49 from the frame or to substitute another therefor or for any other purpose. A stop 55 is provided on the carrier 25 to maintain the skeleton frame 47 in horizontal position during the normal operation of the machine. The skeleton frame47 is provided with a number of slots, as seen in Fig. 2, extending throughfrom its upper face'to its lower face, some of the slots being arranged parallel with the guideways 19 on which the carriage 21 slides and others being parallel with the guideways 23 formed on the carriage itself on which the combined pattern-board and model carrier 25 slides. Models of different sizes or shapes may be clamped successively to the skeleton frame by the bolts 51 which pass through the slots.

The heights at which the model 49 and pattern board 35 are respectively held on the model and pattern-board carrier are such that when the skeleton frame is in its horizontal position the edge of a model 49 clamped thereto will make contact with the lateral face of the vertical-guidepin 15 if the carriage is moved toward the latter while the pattern board 35 will project horizontally between the punch 7 and die-block 9.

Near the right end of the machine two parallel horizontal arms 56 project rearwardly from the A horizontal bar 57 is supported by the rearward ends of the arms 56. The bar forms a guide rail upon which runs'a trolley 63. The trolley 63 has a guideway formed in its upper surface in which is slidable a small slide 61. Upon the slide 61 a trunnion 65 is mounted by means of a vertical pivot 67. The

. 1y of the machine.

slide 61 is norrrlally held in a fixed position on the trolley 63 but is adjustable thereon, as will be seen.

This condition of things is indicated in Fig. 3 by a set screw 62, though the actual construction is different and will be described later. The trolley 63 is connected to the carriage 21 by a device 3'72, 374, 380 which will be described later. A rod 69 passes through the trunnion and is arranged to turn with and also to move endwise horizontally through thetrunnion. This rod will hereinafter be called the width pantograph lever. The width pantograph lever extends horizontally from the trunnion 65 toward the front of the machine over the goose-neck arm 3 and is pivotally connected to a normally fixed but adjustable pivot pin '71 (indicated only in Fig. 3') which will hereinafter be called the width pantogreph center.

At a point between. the trunnion 65 and the width pantograph center 71 as illustrated in Fig. the width pantograph lever is provided with a pin 13 (indicated in Fig. 3) which projects up from its upper face and this pin enters a hole formed in a boss on a cross member of a horizontal slide '15 (Figs. 1 and 2), hereafter termed the width slide, which is guided for movement in a direction parallel to the gooseneck arm 3 on fixed guideways 7'? (Fig. 3) attached to the top of the goose-neck arm. The

idth slide '75 is provided with rollers which engage the fixed guideways on the top, bottom and sides thereof to prevent objectionable looseness in the mounting of the slide on the guideways and to guide the slide easily in its movements. The left-hand end of the width slide is o eratively connected with the guide-pin 15 aforesaid through the length grading appara tus, as will h reinafter be more fully explained.

The width pantograph center 71 (Fig. 3) com prises a block which engages in a groove formed longitudinallyof the width pantograph lever 69 and which is slidable along the groove, and the block is pivoted on a vertical axis to an adjusting bar 8 This adjusting bar is mounted for sliding movement along a horizontal guideway in a fixed cross member 83 extending forwardly and rearwardly on the frame of the machine and at its forward end is pivotally connected at 85 (as hereinafter described) to a groovedvcontrol lever 87 near one end thereof.

rack-bar 91 which is mounted to slide along a horizontal guide 91 /2 on the machine frame which is also arranged forwardly and rearward- The rack-bar 91 is provided with a series of graduations thereon which can be seen through an opening 92 in the said guide and which cooperate with a fixed mark near the open ng to indicate what adjustment of the rack-bar is necessary (in conjunction with the setting of a rotary arm hereinafter described) to produce a predetermined difference in width between the pattern and model.

The adjustment of the rack-bar 91 is obtained by means of a pinion mounted on a vertical stem and provided at its upper end with a. hand-nut 95. The control lever 87 as before indicated is grooved longitudinally at 96 (Fig. 2) and the pivotal connection at 85 of the control lever to the bar 81 compr ses a vertical pin secured to the bar 81 and passingaxially into a roller slidably mounted in the groove 96. located in the groove 95 in the control lever 87 between its ends and a pivot pin 109 (Fig. 3) joins thisblock'to a larger block above it. This the width pantograph lever d9.

The other end of this control lever 87 is pivoted by a pin to a A block is of the rack-bar e1 the angular position of the control lever 87 may be varied thereby varying the position of the width pantograph center 71.

The means for adjusting the largerv block along its guideway 111 comprises a rotary arm 115 extending over the block and connected with it through a short link 116. The rotary arm 115 is pivoted at its rearmost end to the frame by means of a stud 119 (Fig. 3), and its forward end has attached thereto a handle 121 by means of which the arm-can be turned about its pivot 119 to move the larger block along its guideway 111. The structure described is equivalent to a single pivot pin 1G9 mounted in theslot 96 in with graduations to indicate what is the neces- 1 sary position of the arm to cooperate with the adjustment of the rack-bar 91 to produce a predetermined'grading effect on the width of the model. Adjustable stops 12'? are provided on the arcuate scale 125 to limit the extent to which 1 the rotary arm 115 can swing in either direction. By the adjusting mechanism above described the width pantograph center 71 can be caused to move from one side to the other of the point of connection 73 between the width slide and 1 This arrangement provides means whereby the direction of the movement of the width slide may be caused to take place in the same direction as or in the opposite direction to the movement of the model 115 v derstood that if the carriage 21 moves on the guideways 19 toward or away from the guidepin 15 the width pantograph lever 69 will,

through the normally rigid connection 372380,

not yet described, be'caused to oscillate about the pantograph center 71 and may therefore cause a parallel movement of the width slide 75, a and of the guide-pin 15 which is connected thereto, as will be described later. By adjusting the width pantograph centerfrom one side to the other of the pivotal connection 73 between the width slide and the pantograph lever the direction of movement of the W1 th slide for a given direction of movement of the Width pantograph lever can be reversed, and by so adjusting the pantograph center 71 that it lies on' the axis of the pin 73 the pantograph lever may oscillate about the pivot '71 without causing any movement of the width slide '75.v

A second and separate pantograph device is 1 provided for moving the guidepin in a direction at right angles to the goose-neck arm in order to obtain the desired grading effect on the length 'of the pattern. This second pantograph will hereafter be called the .length pantograph. 1

The length pantograph comprises an oscillatory I lever 129 which is generally similar in ,construcition to the width. pantograph lever before described and thisoscillatory lever will hereinafter be termed the lengthpantographlever.

This length pantograph leveris connected at one end with the combined model and patternboard carrier 25 in such a manner that the said end 'partakes of those movements of the carrier which have a component of movement in a direction at right angles to the goose-neck arm but does not partake of those which take place in a direction parallel to the said goose-neck arm. For this purpose the said end of the length pantograph lever 129 passes slidably through a horizontal trunnioned bearing 131 (Figs. 3 and 6) which is mounted on a slide 188 '(similar to the slide 61), slidably mounted on a trolley 133 arranged to travel along a guide bar 135 secured J to the left-hand end of the width slide 75 (as shown in Figs. 1 and 2) and extending horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the gooseneck arm. The trolley 133 is not secured to the carrier 25 but it carries, by means of an adjustable connection 395-402 described later, pins 137 (Fig. 2) depending from a member 392a having rollers mounted thereon, and these rollers engage in a groove provided in a member 139 secured to the carrier 350 (hereinafter further described) for the combined model and patternboard carrier 25, the said groove extending parallel to the goose-neck arm. By this arrangement the trolley 133 is constrai ed to move along its guide bar 135 when the carrier 25 moves in tjf'a direction having a component of movement perpendicular to the goose-neck arm but it can remain stationary (due to the roller and groove arrangement aforesaid) when the carrier moves in a direction parallel to the goose-neck arm.

The horizontal trunnion 131 is adjustable along the trolley 133 by adjustment of its slide 188 carrying the trunnion for a purpose similar to that of the adjustment between the slide 61 and trolley 53 for the trunnion and hereinafter '1 described. The slide 188 is normally held fixed in adjusted position on the trolley 133, and this condition of things is indicated in Fig. 3, by a set screw 189. The actual construction is similar to that of the slide 61, mentioned later. The

" other end of the length pantograph leveris pivoted on an adjustable pivot 141 hereinafter termed the length pantograph center which is carried upon the width slide 75. The means for adjusting the length pantograph center comprises a slide 143, corresponding to the slide 31, on

which the center 141 is mounted and which is adapted to be moved along a guideway 145 arranged in the widthslide parallel to the gooseneck arm, the center moving meanwhile along 55 "a; groove formed longitudinally in the length pan- The ane'ularly adjustable lever 149 has one end pivoted to a sliding rack 157, mounted in the width slide 75, and corresponding to the rack 91, which is adjustable along a guideway 155 on the width slide 75 arranged parallel to the goose-neck arm by means of a pinion rotatable by a handnut 159. The lever 149 has a groove 159 in which is slidable a block pivoted at 160 (Fig. 3) to another block 160% (Fig. 3) slidablealong a uideway 161 mounted on the width slide 75 per- 75 "pendicular to the goose-neck arm and connected The member 163 is formed as a bell crank in order to put its scale 165 in convenient position.

At a point between the trunnion 131 for the length pantograph lever and the opposite end of said lever (but nearer to the latter) the lever has a pivotal connection 167 with an auxiliary carrier 169 (hereinafter called the length slide) which is mounted to move along a guide 171 fixed to the Width slide 75 so as to move with the latter. The guide 171 is arranged on the width slide at right angles to the goose-neck arm and in such a position on the width slide that the length slide 169 moves, during the movements of the model and pattern-board carrier, over the top of the punch 7.

The guide-pin 15 is adjustably mounted in a disc 173 which disc is carried on the length slide 169 (as shown in Fig. 2) near the forward end thereof (viewing the machine'frorn the front) so as to move with length slide in its movements along its guide and also to be carried with the width slide during the movements thereof.

From the description thus far given it will be clear that the illustrative machine comprises a unitary model and pattern-board carrier 25 which is arranged formovement independently in two directions at ri ht angles and that a pantograph mechanism is provided for translating movement of the carrier in one of the said directions into a movement of a guide-pin 15 in a parallel direction and that a second independent pantograph mechanism is provided for translating movement of the carrier in the other of said directions into movement of the guide-pin parallel to the said other direction. The said movements of the guide-pin are, as described, adjustable to produce different grading effects in the pattern reproduced from a model. It is also possible to adjust each of the said pantograph mechanisms (by adjusting the positions of their centers) independently of the other so as to vary the width or length only of the pattern.

The mechanism thus far described may be best understood by reference to Fig. 3 in which it is shown diagrammatically. In this figure, no attempt has been made to preserve details of con- 7 struction or relative dimensions; and parts which overlie others have been moved to one side for the sake of clearness. Slideways are shown by two-parallel lines, on both sides of the corresponding slides. Pivots'are indicated by small circles, in some instances located at the sides of the axes of the pivotal members swinging on' them. The moving frames are indicated by lines, and the slideways which connect them to the main frame are so marked.

The trunnion bearings 65 and 131 are adjustable as fully described in the Kestell-patent and application above referred to. Briefly, the bearing 65 is adjusted by moving the slide 61 along the trolley 63 by means of Bowden wire cables 185 actuated from a hand wheel 183. The cables are fastened to opposite ends of theslide 61, one running over a pulley 184 mounted on the trolley 63. In the case of the trunnion bearing 131, similar cables 137 (Figs. 2 and 5) are fastened to opposite ends of the slide 188,' one running over 'a similar pulley mounted on. the trolley 133, and

controlled by the same hand wheel 183. The

mechanismoperated by the hand wheel 183 is fully explained in the Kestell patent and application referred to.

The model guide '15 is also movable in the disc 173 as is fully explained in the patent and appli cation referred to;

At certain times during the movement of the combined model and pattern board carrier the width pantograph lever 69 may occupy sucha position that it is possible (when the lever is in this position) to make a change in the position of the pantograph center (and therefore effect a change in the grade produced by movements of the lever) without disturbing the position of the guide pin. In the said position the pantograph lever lies in line with the direction of movement of the slide 81 which carries th width pantograph center 71 so that the center may be moved along the groove in the pantograph lever without ddsturbing the position of the lever. A slot 219 (or as shown a series of slots in alignment) is provided in the skeleton model holder, which is parallel to the lever 69 when the latter occupies the position aforesaid and this slot is so placed on the pattern holder that its center line lies in the same vertical plane as the axis of the guidepin 15 when the lever occupies the said position. The axis of this slot is marked a:r in Fig. 6 and is known as the width grading axis.

If the operator should wish to grade a part of a model (say for example a bar or tongue of a shoe vamp) a different proportional amount from that which he has used around the remainder of the model, he can secure the model 49 to the model carrier 47 so that the median line of the spart underlies the centerline of the slot and can then make adjustment in the pantograph mechanism to produce the desired change in grade when the guide-pin reaches a point on the model conveniently near to the said part. Thereafter he can perform the grading operation und the said part and when he reaches a point on the other side of the said part similar in position to the point at which he made the adjustment he can readjust the pantograph mechanism to its original adjustment without fear that the adjustments he has made will disturb the relation of that part to the pattern he is cutting.

Also it is possible without diiliculty to produce similar changes in the grading effect at two points on a model which are located equidistantly on opposite sides of the center line of the slot it being only necessary at each point (in addition to adjusting the pantograph center to give the desired result) to adjust the respective trunnion bearing to correct the position of the guidepin which would be disturbed by the change in grade (as hereinbeiore indicated) the amounts of restriction necessary at the two points being of equal amounts. This adjustment of the trunnion bearing will be described below. Also by placing an edge of a model beneath the center line of ti e slot 219 it is possible to obtain a change in grade widthwise of that edge by making mere- 1y an adjustment in the position of the Width pantograph center. In case the model should be so large that it cannot be properly positioned on the model carrier with respect to the slot 219 a second series of slots 221 parallel to the slots 219 may be arranged on the model holder further from the pivot for the model holder on the combined model and pattern-board carrier. Provision is made as will be seen for moving the trunnion bearing of the width pantograph lever alongthe guideb'ar 5'7to an extent equal to the distance between the two series of slots 219 and 221 so that when the center line of the slots 221 lies above the punch the width pantograph lever willbe in line with the adjustable link 81 carrying the pantograph center.

The length pantograph center l ll can also be adjusted without disturbing the position of the guide-pin. A. series of slots 227 is likewise provided on the skeleton model holder perpendicular to the slots aforesaid the center line of which will lie in the samevertical plane as the axis of the punch when the length pantograph lever is in line with the adjustable slide 143 carrying the length pantograph center i. e., when a change in grade can be made on the length pantograph without disturbing the position of the guide .pin. The axis 1Y of these slot-sis known as the length grading axis. A second series oi slots spaced-from and parallelto the slots last men tioned and the movable carrier 188 for the trunnion bearing 131 of the length pantograph lever are arranged to allow of the use of larger patterns as indicated in connection with the width pantograph. a i The present illustrative machine, in accordancewith the presentinvention, is provided with means whereby the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier. 25 is adjustable as a sep arate unit upon the supporting carrier 3.50 which slides on the slideway at 23 and carries the car.- rier 25; to allow the widthand length pantographs to grade purely across the width and lengthrespectively of a projection. which extends from the body of the model at an angle inclined both torthe width and length of the model, which projection lies parallel neither to the length or width grading axes when the model is secured to the model carrier (so that its general length direction lies parallel to the slots 219 on the 'model carrier andits general Width direction lies parallel to the slots 227 on the model carrier). In order to allow the model carrier and pattern-board carrier 25 to be ad-- justed on the carrier 350 forthis purpose, the supporting carrier 350 for the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier is provided with a horizontal and forwardly extending arcuate member 352 which is provided in its upper face with a groove 354:, and a rib 356 projecting downwardly from the lower face of the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier 25 extends in an arcuate manner similar to that of the said groove and fits within the latter, the said upper face of the arcuate member 352 forming a bearing face upon which the weight of the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 is supported and along which the combined model and patternboard carrier can be adjusted. The arcuate member is so shaped that its center of curvature is located in a vertical line through the point Z (Fig. 6) on the model carrier, which is the intersection of the length and width grading axes and is known as the grading center, and subtends an angle of about twenty-five degrees at this center, this giving suificient latitude of adjustment of the combined model and patternboard carrier along the arcuate member to allow of bringing any part of the model which extends at an a'ngle'up' to this amount, from the lengthwise or widthwise direction of the model, into a direction extending purely forwardly and rear wardly or purely laterally of the machine.

The said arcuate member has an arcuate slot 353 extending through it from its upper face to grading along the length and width of the said its lower face and a threaded stud 360 passes upwardly through the slot into a threaded hole in the lower face of the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 and has a handle 362 threaded onto its lower end so that the handle may be rotated to cause its upper face to bind against the lower face of the member 352 and thus provide means for clamping the combined model and pattern-board carrier to the arcuate member in adjusted position.

Suppose now that it is desired to grade from a part of a model such as the tongue indicated purely diagrammatically at P in Fig. 6, thepart being such that its median line (or the line, in the case of an unsymmetrical part, which most nearly represents the general'direction of extension of the part from the main body of the model) lies at an angle of up to twenty-five degrees to the widthwise or lengthwise direction of the pattern. Using the present illustrative machine the model may be attached to the model carrier 4'? in the manner hereinbefore explained and with a point located equidistantly from the sides of the tongue near its base lying beneath the grading center. The pattern cutting operation may proceed around the major part of the model while the carrier 25 occupies the position on its supporting carrier 350 which is indicated in Fig. 5 and when the model guide 15 reaches a point on the model near the base of the tongue the model and the pattern-board carrier 25 can be adju'sted along the arcuate member 352 until the median line of the said tongue lies from left to right of 'the machine (i. e. until the median line of the tongue P lies along the direction in which the length grading axis'Y-Yon the model carrier extended before the said model carrier 25 was swung round upon its supporting carrier When this has been effected the desired part can be controlled independently thereby allowing the part to be graded either in width or length alone or in both directions. When the model guide 15 reaches a point on the opposite side of the base of the tongue similar in position to that which it occupied when the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 was adjusted along its support the model and pattern-board carrier can be readjusted back to its original position. The fact previously stated, that the arouate member 352 is concentric about the point Z allows that the adjustment of the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 along its supporting member 350 when the model guide is in contact with a point on the model near to the point Z may be made without causing appreciable disturbance of the pattern material relatively to the pattern tracing tool and therefore without causing distortion of the shape of the pattern being cut.

Holes 364 are bored in a vertical side face of the arcuate member and extend horizontally into the slot 354 into which the threaded stud 360 passes. A removable pin 366 may be inserted in any of the holes 364 and the said pin is so long that its inner end (when the pin is inserted in a hole) projects into the said slot 354 and serves as a stop to limit the movement of adjustment of the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 along the arcuate member 352. The holes 364 may conveniently be spaced about two and a half degrees apart along the arcuate member.

Means whereby the pantograph mechanisms of the machine may at any time during a pattern grading operation be rendered inoperative will now be explained.

Means is provided in the present illustrative embodiment whereby the width slide '75 may be clamped so that it cannot move along its guideways if, during the progress of a pattern generating operation, it is desired to reduce to zero the width grading effect without allowing the position of the guide-pin to be affected by such change in the grading effect. The means may conveniently comprise a threaded horizontal hole (not shown) in the forward portion of the width slide '75 through which passes a threaded stud 368 with a knurled head. By turning this stud its end may be made to bind against the machine frame so that the width slide can no longer move freely along its guideways. The width slide being so locked it will be obvious, from what has been said hereinbefore, that no grading effect can take place widthwise of the machine. When, however, the width slide is so locked to the machine it is necessary to provide means for freeing the Width pantograph lever 69 and trunnion 65 from their operative connection with the carriage 21 so that the model carrier and the pattern-board carrier may continue to be as freely movable laterally of the machine as they were before the width slide '75 was clamped to the machine frame. The carriage 21 has secured to its rearward end a short arm 370 (see Fig. 5) extending upwardly and to the left of the machine and to the top portion of this arm is secured a horizontal rod 372 extending from left to right of the machine and so disposed that its righthand end portion lies close to, and parallel to, the bar 57 upon which the trolley 63 moves as seen in Fig. 8, but slightly above and to the rear of the said bar 5'7. The trolley 63 is provided with a rearwardly extending bracket 3'74 (Fig. 8) and in this bracket is a horizontal bearing through which passes the horizontal rod 372. The bracket 374 is also provided with a vertical hole the axis of which intersects the axis of the said horizontal bearing. This said hole extends from the upper surface of the bracket as far as the said horizontal bearing and the portion near the horizontal bearing is threaded. A tubular collar 376 is screwed at one end into the threaded portion of the said hole and the other end extends out of the bracket. Into this collar fits a spindle 378 to the upper end of which is fitted a knurled hand wheel 380. The spindle 3'78 is mounted so that it is freely movable within certain limits (defined by a pin and slot connection indicated at 382) longitudinally of the collar 376 but it cannot rotate within the'collar. Thus rotation of the knurled hand wheel 380 will cause the tubular collar 376 to rotate also and so, if the rotation is in the correct direction, will cause the lower end of the collar to bind against the horizontal rod 372 which passes through the horizontal bearing aforesaid, thus locking the trolley 63 (and so positioning the width pantograph trunnion 65) with respect to the said horizontal rod, and so with respect to the carriage 21 of the machine. In general during the operation of the machine, the width slide '75 is not locked to the machine by the clamping screw 368 aforesaid and the width pantograph trunnion 65 is, as just indicated, locked in position with respect to the carriage 21 of the machine by the clamping of the trolley 63 to the horizontal rod 372. It is necessary, however, in order that the normal operative relations of various instrumentalities of the machine shall not be disturbed, that the trunnion 65 shall,

except in cases and for reasons to be hereinafter explained, always occupy the same relative position with reference to the carriage of the machine i. e., that the trolley 63 be always clamped to the horizontal rod 372 aforesaid at the same position on the horizontal rod. Thus in order that the said trolley may normally be clamped at the same position to the said horizontal red, the rodhas a hole 384 bored through it parallel to the axis of the spindle 378 aforementioned. When the trolley 63 is suitably placed the lower end of the spindle 378 may he pushed into the hole sec in the horizontal rod aforesaid thus securely locking the trolley in a fixed position with respect to the said horizontal rod. To free the trolley from the rod it is merely necessary to raise the knurled hand wheel 389 which will withdraw the end of the spindle 378 from the said hole in the said horizontal rod, and to turn the knurled hand wheel in a direction to unscrew the collar aforesaid if in fact the collar has. been tightened against the rod. The position in which the trolley 63 is fixed with reference to the carriage 21 of the machine when the spindle 378 engages in the said hole in the horizontal rod 372 is such that when the model carrier of the machine is so moved that the width grading axis X--X on the model carrier is in the same vertical plane as the axis of the pattern tracing tool, then will the width pantograph lever 69 lie directly forwardly and rearwardly of the machine. It has been hereincefore explained that in grading from a model it is often convenient to position the model on the model carrier so that the median line of some particular part of the model directly underlies the width grading axis on the model carri 1'. To admit or" the use of the center line of the second series of slots 221 in a manner similar to that in which the width grading axis is used, the aforesaid horizontal rod 372 is provided with a second hole (not shown) spaced to the right from the first hole 384 aforesaid by adista-nce equal to the distance between the center lin s of the two series of slots 219 and-221. In the same way as described in connection with the hole 384 on the said horizontal rod, the spindle 378 can be'inserted inthe second hole to lock the trolley 63 with reference to the carriage 21 of .the machine. Owing to the manner in which the two holes in the said horizontal rod 3'72 are spaced apart, when the model carrierv is so placed that the center line of the second series of slots 21 lies in the same vertical plane as the axis of the pattern tracing tool and when the spindle 378 is engaged in the secondly inentione; hole in the hor" ontal rod, the width pantograph lever 69 will lie directly forwardly and rearwardly of the machine. T when the spindle 378 is engaged in the secondly mentioned hole, the center line of the secondly mentioned series of slots 221 may be used in the same manner as has been hereinbefore described with reference to the width grading axis X-X.

For a purpose her inafter to be explained, a scale 386 is provided near to the right-hand end of the said horizontal rod 372. This scale extends parallel to the horizhtal rod and is rigidly attached thereto by two arms 388 one at each end or" the scale. A. projecting lu 390 of thehracket fit l, hereinbefore mentioned, on the said trolley 63 is disposed against the said scale and moves past the graduations or the s scale if the said trolley is moved along the said horizontal rod. The lug 3% has a marl: on. it and the reading of this marl: upon the sc le 386 gives an indication of the position of the trolley with reference to the said horizontal rod. The scale 3% may be used if it is desired to restrict 'widthwise the grad-. ing effect on a part of a pattern being graded from the corresponding part of the model. The term restricting is herein used to mean the nullification along a portion of thedirnension being graded of the grading effect which would ordinarily be produced by the machine so that this portion is reproduced to model size. (Thus, for example, it may be desired to restrict the grading on a marginaly portion (e. g. a seam allowance) running lengthwise of a pattern, that is, although it is required to grade the re-' mainder of the pattern widthwise from the model, the marginal portion on the pattern is to retain the same width as that which it has in the model.)

In the illustrative machine the following procedure be adopted it it is desired, for example, to restrict a niargi al strip at he end of a pattern in the widthwise direction. The model is secured to the model holder 47 in the manner hereinbefore explained and it will be assumed that the said, marginal strip of rectangular form, its length direction lying parallel to the aforesaid slots 219 and its width direction lying parallel to the aforesaid slots 22?. See 9, which illustrates the procedure about to be'described. The model is shown on the left and the work on the right, it is desired to reproduce the left to right dimension of the projecting tab unchanged in-tn'e work, though the grading ratio this direction is supposed to be 1.1, for example. The normal process of grading the patte n from the model is continued until the model guide comes into contact with the point A, and the tool with the point a. The trolley 63 carrying the width pantograph trunnion 65 is then freed from the fixed position in which it is normally clamped to the sai horizontal rod 372 (by lifting the spindle 378 out of the firstly mentioned of the two said holes in the said horizontal rod) The trolley 63 is then moved along its guiderail 5'? relatively to the horizontal rod 372 through a distance AB equal to the width of the marginal strip in the grading across which it is desired that restriction shall occur, and in a direction along the horizontal rod 372 opposite to the mdthwise direction in which the first edge of the marginal strip of the model across which it is desired that the restriction shall be efiected is to move past the model guide to cause the restricted operation to take place. The model is here moving to the right, so that the trolley 63 is moved to the left. The effect of this adjustment will be to move the guide-pin 15 to a point A where AA =l 11 AB. The operation is then continued from A to B on the model and form a to. b on the work, and ob will be equal to 11 /lo of A li, or AB. The line BC-bc will then be cut and at C-c the trolley 63 will be adjusted back to its original position, and the line CID-ed cut, and cl will he equal to CD.

This matter of grade restriction can be dealt with in other ways. For example, the width slide may be locked by the screw and the screw 339 may be released to take up the grading move-- ment, as suggested above' The saine operation of the length grading inechani in is also possible, as will be seen. Or the slide 6?. ay adjusted on the trolley 63 by means of the fiowden cables, as escrioed in the Kestell application and patent referred to. The trolley 53 is th n clamped once more to the horizontal rod 3'72 by tightening the tubular collar 3'76 against the horizontal rod. The

pattern generating operation is next continued round the edge of the marginal strip until the model guide is in contact with a point on the final portion of the edge of the said strip corresponding to the point on the other side of the said strip with which the model guide was in contact when the restricted grading operation around the said strip was begun. The trolley 63 is then freed from the horizontal rod and moved back to the position (i. e. the position in which the spindle 3'78 engages in the hole 384 in the horizontal rod) which it normally occupies relative to the said horizontal rod, and is secured thereto in this position. This being done, the remainder of the pattern rading operation may be carried out in the normal manner. It may be seen that this adjustment of the trolley 63 and therefore also of the trunnion 65 from its normally occupied position along the said horizontal rod in the direction hereinbefore specified through a distance equal to the width of that strip of the model along which it is desired to make the restriction, will in fact produce the desired restriction, as the movement ofthe trunnion with respect to the horizontal rod in the said direction is such as to cause a widthwise displacement of the axis of the model guide-pin 15 with respect to the axis of the pattern tracing tool 7-9 equal to and in the opposite direction to the widthwise displacement of the axis of the model guide with respect to the axis of the pattern trac ing tool that will be caused when the strip of the model along which the restriction is to be made is moved widthwise past the model guide, this part being of the same width as the distance through which the trunnion was moved with respect to the said horizontal rod. These two widthwise displacement of the axis of the model guide with respect to the axis of the pattern tracing tool will therefore nullify one another and there will, in eiiect, be no grading across the width of the said strip.

The amount of adjustment of the trolley 63 is measured on the scale 386 attached to the said horizontal rod 372. The scale is so graduated that when the trolley 63 occupies its normal position on the said horizontal rod (i. e. when the spindle 3'78 engages in the hole 384 in the horizontal rod) the mark on the aforementioned lug 390 on the bracket 374 of the trolley 63 lies against the zero graduation on ihe scale. From this zero graduation, which is located near the middle of the scale, the scale is graduated outwardly in both directions in inches. Thus, if in grading a pattern it is desired to restrict the grading operation widthwise of a certain portion, when that portion is reached the trolley 63 is moved from its normal position on the horizontal rod through a distance equal to the width of the said portion, and in the correct direction, the distance through which the trolley is to be moved being easily readable on the scale.

The scale may, in addition, be fitted with two stops 392, each secured to it by a clamping screw 394 but slidable along it when its clamping screw is loosed. The projecting lug 390 is adapted to come into contact with either of the said stops if the trolley is moved along the horizontal rod through a suiiicient distance. These stops enable given restrictions between desired limits to be quickly reproduced by clamping the stops to the scale in such positions that when the lug 390 is in contact with either of them, the mark on the lug is against the reading on the scale corresponding to one of the desired restrictions.

In using the illustrative machine for generat- 7 ing patterns from a model having in it an ornamental opening or cut-out portion the following procedure may be carried out if it is desired to cause a chosen point in the corresponding cu out portion of the pattern to be a graded distance widthwise from a chosen point on the edge of the pattern but to reproduce the cutout portion itself ungraded in a widthwise direction, in the pattern. The pantograph mechanisms having been previously set to give the desired lengthwise and widthwise grading effects, the periphery of the model is moved around the model guide 15, in contact therewith in order to generate the pattern, care being taken not to cause the whole of the periphery of the model to move past the model guide since, as the pattern tracing tool in the illustrative machine is a cutting tool, 1. e. a punch, this would cause the generated pattern to be completely separated from the pattern board before the cut-out portion has been reproduced in it. The major portion of the periphery of the pattern having been so graded, when the model guide reaches a point on the edge of the model corresponding to the point on the edge of the pattern from which the chosen point in the cut-out portion is to lie at the graded distance aforesaid, the operator raises the punch so that although it continues to reciprocate it does not descend far enough to cut into the pattern board. He then raises the model holder 4'7 about its horizontal pivot 53 which secures it to its carrier and moves fihe combined model and patternboard carrier 25 toward the model guide 15 and lowers the model holder 47 to its normal horizontal position when the cut-out portion lies directly over the model guide. He then adjusts the position of the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier 25 until the model guide is positioned at the chosen point within the cut-out portion which is to lie at the graded distance from the chosen point on the edge of the model. Having done this the operator of the machine turns the stud 368 with the knurled head aforementioned to lock the width slide to the machine frame.

Having locked the width slide to the machine frame, the operator releases the clamping device previously described which secures the trolley 63 to the horizontal rod 372 aforesaid and thereby allows the carriage 21 on which the carrier 350 for the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 is mounted, to move freely laterally of the machine in spite of the fact that the width slide (and therefore also the width pantograph lever) is locked from movement on its guides.

He thereafter lowers the punch into operative position and then moves the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier so that the edge of the cut-out portion travels around the model guide in contact therewith. Having caused the model to travel around the model guide in this manner, he moves the combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier so that the model guide re-assumes the position it occupied when the width slide was locked to the machine frame. While the model guide occupies tins position he releases the width slide and secures the trolley 63 to the horizontal rod in the position it occupied before it was freed therefrom. Having done this he raises the punch to its inoperative position andlif ts the model carrier off the model guide.

The combined model carrier and pattern-board carrier are then moved in a direction away from the model guide until the latter, assuming the model carrier to have been lowered to its horizontal position, is again in contact with the periphery of the model. He then lowers the punch to its operative position and completes the cutting of the periphery of the pattern. The cutout portion in the pattern will then have been generated widthwise in the manner desired and it will also occupy the desired position in the pattern.

The illustrative machine of the present inven tion is also provided with means new to be described whereby the length pantograph mechanism may, at any time during a pattern grading operation, be rendered inoperative, which means are of analogous constructions to the means hereinbeiore described whereby the width pantograph mechanism may be rendered inoperative. It has been stated that the length pantograph trunnion is mounted on a slide 188 fitting into a groove in a trolley 133 and this trolley is arranged to travel along a horizontal guide bar 135 extending forwardly and rearwardly' of the machine and secured to the left-hand side of the width slide of the machine. The carrier 350 for the combined model and pattern-board carrier 250:" the machine has'secured to it the abovementioned horizontal grooved member 139 extending from left to right of the machine. Into the groove in this member lit the above-mentioned vertical pins 137 surrounded by rollers and to the right hand end of an arm 392a carrying the pins is secured a horizontal rod 395 extending forwardly and rearwardly of the machine, close to the horizontal guide bar 135 just referred to. The trolley 133 is provided with a bracket 400 (Figs. 1, 3 and 4) similar to that with which the trolley 63 carrying the width pantograph trunnion is provided, which has been hereinbefore described. The said forwardly and rear arclly extending horizontal rod 395 passes throu h a bearing in the said bracket, and clamp ing means 492 (Figs. 1 and 3) whereby the bracket (and also the trolley 133) may be clamped to the said rod are provided of similar construction to those described hereinbefore in the case of the width pantograph nechanism. The horizontal rod has also a scale 404 secured to its forward end in a manner similar to that described hereinbefore with reference to the horizontal rod 372, l er inbeiore mentioned. trolley 133 is normally secured to the horizontal rod 395 in such a position that when the length grading axis YY on the model carrier is in the same vertical plane as the axis of the pattern tracing tool then will the length pantograph lever 129 lie directly from left to right of the machine, and this position of the trolley 133 with reference to the said forwardly and rearwardly extending horizontal rod 395 is determined by the engagement of a spindle (not shown) in a hole bored in the said rod. When the said trolley 133 is secured to the said rod it will remain stationary relatively to the width slide '75 when the combined model and pattern-board carrier 25 moves in a direction purely from left to right of the machine as the aforesaid rolls on the under side of the arm 392a are slidable along the groove in the aforesaid grooved member 139 on the carrier 350. In order to render the length pantograph grading mechanism of the machine inoperative, if it be desired to do so, the length slide 169 is pr vided with a threaded horizontal hole (not shown) into which passes a threaded stud 396 (indicated only in Fig. 3). By turning the head of this stud the stud may be screwed into the said hole so that its end binds against the guide 1'71 on the width slide which carries the length slide, thereby clamping the length slide 169 to the width slide. Ii the length slide be so clamped and at the same time the trolley 133 carrying the length pantograph trunnion 131 be released-from its normal clamped position on the forwardly and rearwardly extending horizontal rod 395, the machine will produce no grading effect due to motion of the model carrier 25ioiwardly and rear:- wardly of the machine. vThe model carrier 47 of the machine is provided, in addition to the eri s oi slots 22! whose center line forms the gth grading axis Y-Y, with a second series slots 393 in alineinent placed forwardly of the e s ries of slots 227 and parallel to them. center line of the slots 398 may be used, in manner analogous to that explained with refrence to the width grading axis XX and the enter line. the series of slots 221 parallel to it, in place of the length grading axis YY to enable models of large or inconvenient size to be positioned conveniently on the model carrier 47. To enable this to be done the said forwardly and rearwardly extending horizontal rod 395 is provided wl h a second hole into which the spindle which normally occupies the firstly mentioned hole in this said rod may be inserted when it is desired to make use of the center line of the zontal rod in other positions than at the two holes aforesaid the lengthwise grading effect of the machine may be restricted in a manner similar to that explained with reference to the restriction of widthwise grading eiiect produced movement of the slide carrying the width pantcgraph trunnion along its corresponding horizontal rod.

Having described our invention, what we'claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In a pattern reproducing machine, a model a work holder, a model guide and a tool, pan aphic mechanism interconnecting them for shooting relative movements between the work holder and tool to reproduce a model in a work piece, one of the elements above named as model guide and tool occupying a fixed location in the machine, means for locking the model guide d tool against iiovenient relatively to each other, and means for inhibiting the action of the pantographic mechanic '1 when the model guide and tool are so locked.

2. In a patte n reproducing machine, a model holder, a work holder, a model guide and a tool,

pantographic mechanism operating to magnify model in a worl: piece in a certain fixed direction, one of the elements above namedas model guide and tool occupy -g a fixed location in the nacliine, means for locking the model guide and against niovenent relatively to each other and for inhibiting ac tographic mechanism when 1... model guide and tool are so locked.

In a pattern reproducing machine, a model. holder, a work holder, a model guide and a tool, pantographic mechanism operating to magnify the model in work piece and independently in two directions at angles, one of the elements above named as model guide and tool occupying a fixed location in the machine, means for locking the model guide and tool against movement relatively to each other in either of the said directions, at will, and means for inhibiting the action of the pantographic mechanism when the model guide and tool are so locked.

4. In a pattern reproducing machine, a model and work carrier, a model guide, and a tool, one of which occupies a fixed position in the machine, pantographic mechanism interconnecting the carrier and the guide, means for locking the model guide and tool against movement relatively to each other in a certain direction, and means for rendering the pantographic mechanism inoperative in the said direction when the model guide and tool are so locked.

5. In a pattern reproducing machine, a model and work carrier, a model guide, and a tool, one of which occupies a fixed position in the machine, pantographic mechanism interconnecting the carrier and the guide, means for locking the model guide and tool against movement relatively to each other in a certain direction, and a lost motion device comprised in said pantographic mechanism, operable to render the pantographic mechanism inoperative in the said direction when the model guide and tool are so locked.

6. In a pattern reproducing machine, a model and work carrier, a model guide, and a tool, one of which occupies a fixed position in the machine, pantographic mechanism interconnecting the carrier and the guide, means for locking the model guide and tool against movement relatively to each other in a certain direction, and a normally locked sliding connection between the pantographic mechanism and one of the elements it connects, said connection being releasable to render the pantographic mechanism inoperative in the said direction when the model guide and tool are so locked.

'7. In a pattern grading machine, a model holder, a work holder, a model guide and a tool, pantographic grading mechanism interconnecting them, arranged to effect parallel plane relative movements between them to pantographical- 1y reproduce dimensions in a model taken perpendicularly to the grading axis of the pantographic grading mechanism, in a work piece perpendicular to a corresponding grading axis, and mechanism for effecting changes in the orientations of the model and work holders relatively to these grading axes.

8. In a pattern grading machine, a model holder, a work holder, a model guide and a tool, pantographic grading mechanism interconnecting them, arranged to effect parallel plane relative movements between them to pantographically reproduce dimensions in a model taken perpendicularly to the grading axis of the pantographic grading mechanism, in a work piece perpendicular to a corresponding grading axis, and mechanism for eilecting identical changes in the orientations of the model and work holders relatively to these grading axes.

9. In a pattern copying machine, a combined 1 model and work holder, a model guide and a tool, a grading mechanism operating relatively to a fixed grading axis, to reproduce those dimensions of a plane model which lie perpendicular to the said axis, in a work piece, and means for adjusting the orientation of the model and work holder relatively to the said grading axis.

10. In a pattern grading machine, a model guide and a tool, a carriage movable in a plane, a grading mechanism interconnecting the carriage, the model guide and the tool, and a model and work holder pivotally adjustable on the carriage.

11. In a pattern copying machine, a model guide, a tool, a carriage movable in a plane, grading mechanism operating parallel to the said plane, and interconnecting the carriage, model guide and tool, and a model and work holder mounted on the carriage with provision for angular adjustment on the carriage, about an axis perpendicular to the said plane.

12. In a pattern reproducing machine, four primary instrumentalities, viz., a model holder, a work holder, a guide and a tool, grading mechanism lying operatively between two of them to effect relative movement between those two, means for locking those two against relative movement, and mechanism for absorbing the movement efiected by the grading mechanism, when the locking means is effective.

THOMAS AUBREY KESTELL. SHIRLEY BURTON. 

